Jupiter the Giant Planet - P1


Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet within the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass slightly less than one-thousandth of the Sun but is two and a half times the mass of all the other planets in our Solar System combined. Jupiter is classified as a gas giant along withSaturn, Uranus and Neptune. Together, these four planets are sometimes referred to as the Jovian or outer planets.The planet was known by astronomers of ancient times and was associated with the mythology and religious beliefs of many cultures. The Roman named the planet after the Roman God Jupiter When viewed from Earth, Jupiter can reach an apparent magnitude of −2.

Orbital characteristics, Epoch J2000
Aphelion 816,520,800 km (5.458104 AU)
Perihelion 740,573,600 km (4.950429 AU)
Semi-major axis 778,547,200 km (5.204267 AU)
Eccentricity 0.048775
Orbital period 4,331.572 days, 11.85920 yr, 10,475.8 Jupiter solar days
Synodic period 398.88 days
Average orbital speed 13.07 km/s
Mean anomaly 18.818°
Inclination 1.305° to Ecliptic
6.09° to Sun's equator
0.32° to Invariable plane
Longitude of ascending node 100.492°
Argument of perihelion 275.066°
Satellites 64
Physical characteristics
Mean radius 69,911 ± 6 km

Equatorial radius 71,492 ± 4 km, 11.209 Earths
Polar radius 66,854 ± 10 km, 10.517 Earths
Flattening 0.06487 ± 0.00015
Surface area 6.1419×1010 km2, 121.9 Earths
Volume 1.4313×1015 km3, 1321.3 Earths
Mass 1.8986×1027 kg, 317.8 Earths, 1/1047 Sun
Mean density 1.326 g/cm3
Equatorial surface gravity 24.79 m/s2, 2.528 g
Escape velocity 59.5 km/s
Sidereal rotation period 9.925 h (9 h 55 m 30 s)
Equatorial rotation velocity 12.6 km/s, 45,300 km/h
Axial tilt 3.13°
North pole 268.057°
Right ascension 17 h 52 min 14 s
North pole declination 64.496°
Albedo 0.343 (Bond)
0.52 (geom.)
Surface temp. at 1 bar level 165 K, at 0.1 bar 112 K

Apparent magnitude -1.6 to -2.94
Angular diameter 29.8" — 50.1"
Atmosphere
Surface pressure 20--200 kPa (cloud layer)
Scale height 27 km
Composition 89.8±2.0% Hydrogen (H2)
10.2±2.0% Helium
~0.3% Methane
~0.026% Ammonia
~0.003% Hydrogen deuteride (HD)
0.0006% Ethane
0.0004% water

Ices: Ammonia , water , ammonium hydrosulfide(NH4SH)